B. The United States Enters World War II. 1. B) save lives. C. holding off a German offensive by himself after ordering his troops to withdraw. . D. Japanese Americans recruited from internment camps in the Southwest, Which promise made at the Yalta Conference did Stalin ultimately renege on? A) segregated Jews at every level of German society. b.) To seize islands vital to Japanese transportation and communication. d.) Although the IRO constitution was drawn up in December 1946, the organization did not begin work until 1948, when the nations paying the majority of the IROs expenses had ratified the constitution. C. A large number of African Americans migrated there from the South to work in the factories. c.) "My father got hired at Henry Ford's plant building B-24 bombers, and he managed to save enough money to buy a family car. In his address to the Reichstag, Hitler said: If it is the will of Providence that the German people not be spared this struggle, then I will be grateful to Providence for having appointed me leader in a historic contest, which for the next five hundred or one thousand years, will decisively affect not only German history but also the history of Europe, and indeed all of mankind. D. Japan feeling threatened by the U.S. presence in Asia and the Pacific. The Tuskegee Airmen were (This happened just as the systematic, mass murder of the Jews began with the German invasion of the Soviet Union.) D. General Patton had already turned down the position. Had this amendment been enacted, American response to the refugee crisis in the 1930s may have been quite different. Today, it has become far more than a parallel. The Act, which authorized 200,000 displaced persons to enter the United States, "mortgaged" the still-extant . On November 25, 1936, a month after Germany and Italy entered into a treaty of friendship, Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan signed the Anti . Throughout the 1930s, most Americans opposed changing or adjusting the Johnson-Reed Act, fearing that immigrants, including those fleeing persecution, would compete for scarce jobs and burden public services in the midst of the Great Depression. 2. Which policy best demonstrates appeasement during the 1930s? On June 5, 1941, diplomats abroad were cautioned that visas would soon be denied to applicants with close relatives remaining in German-occupied countries. Find topics of interest and explore encyclopedia content related to those topics, Find articles, photos, maps, films, and more listed alphabetically, Recommended resources and topics if you have limited time to teach about the Holocaust, Explore the ID Cards to learn more about personal experiences during the Holocaust. Congress finally passed a Displaced Persons Act only reluctantly, and without public hearings. d.) D. The Vietnam War is the commonly used name for the Second Indochina War, 1954-1975. D) 290,000 people. December 8, 1941 - Congress Declares War on Japan. It would require fewer resources and pave the way for an Allied invasion of Italy. On December 11, 1941, Germany responded by declaring war on the United States, bringing American military forces into the European and Pacific conflicts on a global scale. How did President Roosevelt lead the mobilization of the war effort? The most pressing threat, the Allieds decided in the beginning, was Hitler's Germany. forcing Italy to surrender and change sides. He needed to open a second front to relieve pressure on his troops on the eastern front. Based on this graph and your knowledge of history, the growth in U.S. employment was sparked by B. After World War I most Americans concluded that participating in international affairs had been a mistake. b.) Six million European Jews had been murdered. \underline{\hspace{3cm}} Fierce, wild dogs are inhabitants of the island, too. By 1948, a new form of international tension had emerged--Cold War--between the United States and its allies and the Soviet Union and its allies. The IRO also operated the International Tracing Service whose purpose was to help survivors find their families and learn the fate of loved ones. A) the Axis pushed back the Allied advance from the Soviet Union. D) the state sponsored attack on German Jews in 1938. After the United States intervened militarily in Vietnam in the mid-1960s, however, this political consensus began to break down. ", c.) They had significant military value that helped to keep Japan in the war. D.Did not destroy all aircraft carriers/ did not declare war first. American officials were concerned that unfriendly governments would use family members as hostages or bargaining chips to coerce immigrants to commit acts of sabotage or espionage. b.) A) They were still unaware of the death camps' existence at that point. Why did the US join the Second World war in 1941? The war ended with the Axis powers' unconditional surrender in 1945. A. In the late 1930s, Jews fleeing Nazi persecution in Europe were consistently referred to as refugees. However, this term had no legal meaning under US law, save for theoretically exempting these immigrants from having to pass a literacy test. Public policy, like the so-called GI Bill of Rights passed in 1944, provided money for veterans to attend college, to purchase homes, and to buy farms. World War II, also called Second World War, conflict that involved virtually every part of the world during the years 1939-45. Why was Roosevelt's "Quarantine" speech in 1937 widely criticized by Americans at the time? The war was in many respects a continuation, after an uneasy 20-year hiatus, of . It is actual collaboration so well calculated that all the continents of the world, and all the oceans, are now considered by the Axis strategists as one gigantic battlefield. Congress demanded an immediate end to the war A. Japanese attacks on U.S. ships trading with China. In the next 20 years, the Cold War spawned many tensions between the two superpowers abroad and fears of Communist subversion gripped domestic politics at home. A. acknowledged A) the American defense industry declined after the war. Under this international treaty, a refugee was defined as "a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence as a result of such events, is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to return to it.". "My factory converted its production lines to produce bombers, and we hired more workers. C. the Lend-Lease Act To convince islanders to support the United States against Japan Both collections are included in this presentation. Explore a timeline of events that occurred before, during, and after the Holocaust. "When the Japanese attacked, most factories were already set up to produce for the war effort." Which was effectively an economic declaration of war against Germany and the Axis Powers? Pressure from China, a.) US consulates in Nazi-occupied territory shut down in July 1941. Also included are biographies of the fieldworkers who conducted and arranged the interviews, complete transcripts of the interviews, related manuscripts, and original disc sleeves. Which area on the map received the MOST aid from the U.S. prior to 1942? A. C. Native Americans recruited from nearby reservations in New Mexico. The United States declared war on the German Empire on April 6, 1917, nearly three years after World War I started. Why is Frank hopeful that the Nazi reign will end? A) gathered widespread support for the creation of a Jewish homeland. Using the strategies from Facing History is almost like an awakening. Public opinion was more in line with Congress than Truman: an April 1948 poll showed that 53% of Americans disapproved of the plan to allow 200,000 displaced persons to enter, compared with 40% who approved. The United States will probably no longer make aircraft, weapons, and transport available to England so carelessly, as it can be assumed that they will need these for their own war against Japan. B) about 10 years How did the United States government and American people respond to Nazism? B. destroy ships and planes that threatened their expansion efforts. C) The Nazis outlined their plan to systematically exterminate the Jewish population. At the Potsdam Conference, the C. an African American air squadron that conducted bombing raids over Europe. Before the Holocaust, approximately how much of Europe's Jewish population lived in Poland? When did the United States enter World War II? "The U.S. manufacturing sector produced less than the Axis powers did." B) the creation of a five-member Security Council. C. a pact signed by Great Britain and the United States agreeing to avoid entangling alliances with the Soviet Union C) World War I and the Spanish Civil War C. It gave Germany new territory as the Soviets tried to appease Hitler. The Library of Congress offers classroom materials and professional development to help teachers effectively use primary sources from the Library's vast digital collections in their teaching. A large number of African Americans left there to work in shipyards on the West Coast. They created a decoy army using cardboard tanks across the Channel from Calais. the League of Nations. All of Germany's European Axis allies participated to some degree in the persecution and murder of Jews during the Holocaust. ensure cooperation between the major powers of the world. The rescue worker wouldn't leave the building without the little boy. What was the main result of the Wannsee Conference in January 1942? A. Which of the following was an effect of the attack on Pearl Harbor? A. B. less denouncement From our 21st-century point of view, it is hard to imagine World War II without the United States as a major participant. The United States officially enters World War I. April 6, 1917: Two days after the U.S. Senate voted 82 to 6 to declare war against Germany, the U.S. House of Representatives endorses the . D.It showed Roosevelt could be flexible when negotiating with the Soviet Union. A. dying in action while leading his troops to victory at Iwo Jima. D) the ratification of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. C) the policy of putting Jews into concentration camps. D) all of the Allies suffered economically due to the war. Students reflect on, gather evidence for, and discuss the unit writing prompt in its entirety. Not all Americans participated equally in these expanding life opportunities and in the growing economic prosperity. Students view the film, analyze a primary source from the Oyneg Shabes archive, and consider why it matters who tells the stories of the Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto. The United States signed the United Nations Refugee Protocol on November 6, 1968. C. April 6, 1917 As a result, relations with Latin-American nations improved substantially under Hoover, an anti-imperialist. What ultimately prevented the Nazis from conquering Great Britain in 1940? By capturing nearby islands, the U.S. could install military bases to keep Japan in check. A. WACs worked in factories that produced weapons for the war effort. B. founded the United Service Organizations. A. the Atlantic Charter B. World War II changed both the type of work women did and the volume at which they did it. "The government paid most of the costs for my company to convert to wartime production. C. He worried it would fail because the German U-boat presence in the English Channel was too strong. Invite students to reflect on why it matters who tells our stories as they view a documentary film about the profound courage and resistance of the Oyneg Shabes in the Warsaw ghetto. Both collections are included in this presentation. D) the beginning of World War II. The result is a portrait of everyday life in America as the United States entered World War II. B) World War I and World War II Visual evidence of the Holocaust, shown in popular magazines, newspapers and movie theater newsreels, did not change Americans minds towards immigration or refugees. c.) "I thought the government should have adopted deficit spending during the war instead of focusing on keeping a balanced budget." Pete Seeger and Huddie Ledbetter (Leadbelly) recorded original songs for the "Dear Mr. President" interviews. With the help of American troops, the Allies were able to push back Germany in Europe by 1944 and the United States ended World War II in August of 1945 with the atomic bombing of Japan. World War II's longest continuous campaign takes place, with the Allies striking a naval blockade against Germany and igniting a struggle . A. to rescue U.S. prisoners of war who were being held captive there ", Choose the statement that describes an economic consequence of the United States as an "arsenal of democracy." On August 9, 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill first met aboard the cruiser USS Augusta. "I was outraged when the government nationalized my business and forced us to produce war material." increase economic production to meet wartime demands. In March 1980, Congress passed the Refugee Act of 1980, expressing that it is the historic policy of the United States to respond to the urgent needs of persons subject to persecution in their homelands. The Act laid out the procedures for the admission of refugees into the United States and how the US would fulfill its obligations as a signatory of the United Nations Refugee Protocol. B. laborers migrated from Mexico to work on farms in the West. "My factory converted its production lines to produce bombers, and we hired more workers. D) the signing of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. Letter from Fletcher Collins to Alan Lomax, Page 1, December 11, "Man-on-the-Street," Bloomington, Indiana, December 10, 1941, "Man-on-the-Street," Austin, Texas, December 9, 1941, "Dear Mr. President," Tucson, Arizona, January or February 1942. A) the end of the Great Depression. his skillful handling of the Allied offensive at Normandy. A. individual liberties ", Why did the three major Alliesthe United States, Great Britain and the Soviet Unionwant to launch a "second front" in Europe? C.It endorsed national self-determination for the post-war world. With President Truman's encouragement, Congress passed limited legislation to aid European displaced persons, including Holocaust survivors. A portion of this project aimed to create documentary recordings of Americans from around the country who described their lives, sang their songs, and told the stories of their own regions. protecting U.S. economic interests in China B. B) victory over the Axis Powers and the Soviet Union A. B. What did the dictators of totalitarian systems have in common? Documenting Numbers of Victims of the Holocaust and Nazi Persecution, a world which still seemed to have no place for them. work on the development of an atomic bomb. B. ", a.) To address the need, federal funding began flowing to nursing schools in 1942, and in 1943 Congress authorized the Cadet Nurse Corps. C. Which of these events helped increase world support for the establishment of Israel? To invade and occupy Italy c.) State Department officials could advise a potential immigrant on the probability that he/she would be allowed to enter due to health or economic status, but entry decisions were made upon disembarking in the United States. Why were Hiroshima and Nagasaki chosen as the targets for nuclear attacks? After learning about the Armenian Genocide, students reflect on the writing prompt a second time by adding a historical lense. The bill, Truman stated, reflects a singular lack of confidence by the Congress in the capacity and willingness of the people of the United States to extend a welcoming hand to the prospective immigrants.. Hundreds of thousands of liberated Jews, suffering from starvation and disease, emerged from concentration camps, hiding places, and places of temporary refuge to discover a world which still seemed to have no place for them. Japanese attack Pearl Harbor on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, a territory of the US. What is gangsterism? C) the Allies invaded Germany from Denmark and Sweden. went through a period of economic instability. B. d.) a.) A.It stated the United States would only accept an unconditional surrender of Germany. After World War I, America became an isolationist nation. Developed specifically for educators in Jewish settings, these lessons lead middle and high school students through an examination of the Holocaust from a historical perspective and consider what this particular history has to do with what it means to be Jewish. C. C) was a government agency that worked with the Red Cross to rescue Jews in Eastern Europe. Other countries fared worse: Poland, with a, Throughout the 1930s, most Americans opposed changing or adjusting the Johnson-Reed Act, fearing that immigrants, including those fleeing persecution, would compete for scarce jobs and burden public services in the midst of the, The only significant attempt to pass a law to aid refugees came in 1939, when Democratic Senator Robert Wagner of New York and Republican Congresswoman Edith Rogers of Massachusetts introduced. The main idea behind the United Nations was to D) demonstrate the power of nuclear weapons. "We were informed that our corporation would remain subject to antitrust regulations." On May 24, 1924, Congress passed the Immigration Act of 1924, also known as the Johnson-Reed Act or the National Origins Act. contributing to a "black market" for consumer goods. "The group that benefited most, economically, from wartime production was U.S soldiers." Main telephone: 202.488.0400 In the decades between World War I and the attack on Pearl Harbor, tensions between Japan and the United States were primarily caused by Between 1933 and 1941, for example, roughly 118,000 German quota slots that could have been used went unfilled. American concerns over Japanese aggression in the Pacific. The population plummeted due to people going to fight overseas. D. Nazi Germany declared war on the United States on December 11, 1941. b.) To help your students analyze these primary sources, get a graphic organizer and guides. B) provide the "Final Solution to the Jewish Question." The gap in the labor force created by departing soldiers meant opportunities for women. a.) B. a victory by Filipino soldiers over the Japanese. It could no longer defend the mainland. was able to return its focus to domestic issues. The experience of World War I had a . Copyright 2023 Facing History & Ourselves. As a result, the quota for the British Isles rose from 34,007 to 65,721, while the quota for Germany fell significantly, from 51,227 to 25,957. A. Between 1980 and 2018, more than 3,000,000 refugees have been resettled in the United States. A) Spanish Civil War and World War II The executive branch of the U.S. government was given unprecedented authority with The US military was not prepared to fight a global war in 1941. The only editing redacted interviewee names from several recordings and removed Leadbelly's two songs for which permissions have not yet been received. D. was assassinated by a group of his own generals. D. Aggressive, What was the effect of this reaction on the aggressors? Flushed with their success against Germany and Japan in 1945, most Americans initially viewed their place in the postwar world with optimism and confidence. D. It gave Germany a pledge of military support from the Soviet Union. "Over 90% of us were relocated against our will to assembly centers during the war." c.) Three years after the end of the war, there were still a substantial number of displaced persons in Europe. The Second World War pitted two alliances against each other, the Axis powers and the Allied powers; the Soviet Union served 34 million men and women, Germany 18 million, the U.S 16 million, Japan 9 million, and Great Britain 6 million. ", d.) C. Isolationists thought aid would help end the Depression; interventionists thought aid would prolong the Depression. ", b.) A second set of recordings, in which the interviewees were asked to address their thoughts and opinions on the attack and the declaration of war directly to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, was made under the auspices of the Office of Emergency Management in January and February 1942. Mario likes diving\underline{\text{diving}}diving best of all sports. U.S. code breakers had intercepted the Japanese plans. Thirty-five years after they won that apology and survivors of prison camps received $20,000 each . Hence, the sudden attack almost shocked the entire United States. School Mayland Community College; Course Title HISTORY HIS 131; Uploaded By BailiffPelicanPerson609. B. They felt that Germany posed the greatest long-term threat to all parties involved. They included Jews who had survived the Holocaust and many others who were fleeing the Soviet control. Circle each direct object. "The federal government encouraged us to continue producing consumer goods to keep American citizens happy. Japan had committed too many of its resources to defending Hong Kong. . A) A group of Nazi generals hatched the plan to assassinate Hitler. "Although our wages were far lower, we earned more money than we ever had before in the workplace. Sicily and the fall of Mussolini, July-August 1943. Savage fighting and heavy American casualties occurred in the battles on Iwo Jima and Okinawa. U.S. and British forces struck a major blow against the Nazis' capacity to make war by D. The population stayed roughly the same as auto factories were converted to produce munitions. D. ", d.) B. separate D) Germany was forced to fight a war on two fronts. Lend-lease was the term popularly given to the US policy of extending material aid to the Allies before and after the United States entered World War II. What was the Double Victory? "Because taxes on income were lowered for the middle class, the wealthy, like my family, bore the brunt of funding the war effort. Public anti-immigration sentiment remained strongin May 1938, only 23% of Americans were in favor of the immigration of German refugeesand these congressmen believed that legislation reducing immigration would prevail if the subject came up for debate. After the United States entered World War II, What was the importance of the Lend-Lease Act? D. the Japanese assault on Pearl Harbor. 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