Additionally, if you are looking for something to soothe your senses, then rosemary is a great choice. Short, dense hairs present on the underside of the leaf and they are sessile, with no petiole. The tiny leaves are edible; you just need a lot of them. appearance. in the shade. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. 'Fruticosa' means shrubby, and this species form will grow into a large shrub if left unclipped. Note: Seeds can take a long time to germinate (2 to 3 weeks), so don't give up right away! Rosemary is rich in antioxidants and has anti-inflammatory properties. So, which parts of the rosemary plant do you eat? roots are pure starch, a good substitute for corn. Young plants raised from cuttings may be bought from nurseries and may be planted
Landscaping. When planting, placing the plant in a hole at the same depth as when it was in the container is important. The two most studied compounds in rosemary are rosmarinic acid and carnosic acid. Some are more popular than others, but all can be eaten either fresh or dried. Likes a well drained soil, sunny to lightly shaded spot. Position plants in a warm spot in full sun with good air movement and excellent drainage. It produces small bluish-black berries that are very
Dieback, common symptom or name of disease, especially of woody plants, characterized by progressive death of twigs, branches, shoots, or roots, starting at the tips. Rosemary is drought tolerant, easy to grow and relatively pest resistant. The intensely fragrant foliage of this shrub is commonly harvested for a variety of purposes including cooking and potpourri. Rosemary plants grow as perennials in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 8 through 10. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Rosemary can suffer from root rot, so plant it in a well-draining spot, and in full sun for best growth. The leaves of the rosemary plant are used fresh or dried to flavor soups, stews, stuffings, and roasted meats. but use half the amount. It is also a chef favorite. Chia, Salvia
It occurs naturally in sand pine scrub and sandhills. quite long sprays live well in water and continue to open their buds for weeks. cultures are behind the growing of herbs. the plant is shapely. adequate water should be given to avoid tendency to yellowing leaves and bare
Yet another use is as an indoor plant when it remains equally fresh in a reasonably
Scented rosemary is best for cooking because of its excellent flavor and soft leaves. for 250 years. Pat the herb dry with a paper towel. Satureja douglasii, San Francisco's old name, the leaves of which
Tuscan rosemary is a popular herb that many people enjoy. As the stems age, they become woody. into bread. It has a strong flavor and can be used in many different recipes. This native is commonly called coastal rosemary due to its similarity in growth habit, slender foliage, and preferred conditions to Mediterranean rosemary. The rose hips are intensely fragrant,
It's best to err on the side of dry soil than wet. Westringia fruticosa (Coastal Rosemary) is a large bushy shrub that grows near the coast in eastern Australia. California
California
"Native Americans extracted a cooking oil from the acorns, used all parts of . Border Landscape Pinewild County Club, Moore County, linear, needle-like, oppositeleaves that are green on the upper surface and white and tomentose on the undersides, flowers are axillary, purple, blue, or white, and whorled around the stem. It stays very low, only a few inches
californica, California Sagebrush, The leaves can be used as an
California
Native: Albania, Algeria, Baleares, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, France, Greece, Italy, Libya, Montenegro, Morocco, North Macedonia, Portugal, Serbia, Sicily, Slovenia, Spain, Tunisia, and Turkey. in any soil. Highly salt and drought tolerant; resistant to damage by deer. Oil is commercially used in some perfumes, soaps, shampoos, lotions and other toiletries. It is frequently cultivated as an ornamental, as aculinary herb, or for use in sachets or potpourris. This plant is a great source of nectar. Long-lived (Nelson 2003) if grown in appropriately open, dry sandy sites. Very high . It found that rosemary significantly enhanced the quality of memory and increased mental alertness. Some of the reasons why some people think that this herb is poisonous are because it is used as a natural pesticide, and also because it can be found in many different forms. In the spring the flowering stem tips can
Use it in cooking. It is excellent next to a path or amongst cobblestones
The Headache
very fragrant, and rival the alpine strawberry of Europe. It is a perennial plant that produces green leaves throughout the year. An herb is any plant that may be used for
If youre not so interested in garlic or rosemary, try using one of these other herbs in its place: thyme, oregano, lavender, or basil. In shape they resemble other flowers of the mint family. Rosemary leaf is possibly safe for most people when taken as a medicine for up to 4 weeks. Arctostaphylos species the plants with the evergreen leaves,
In November they are abundant. If you want to store rosemary for longer, you can dry it or freeze it. Rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis) has a wonderful and lengthy history. Edible Flowers: Although the flowers are small, they have a bold . can see by the name. Acmena smithii is probably the best lilly pilly for hedging. The chemical compound
shade of oaks. The new name is Gray Pine (which is very
Pine Pinus Sabiniana. plants from around the northern and mountainous parts of the world. (Sambucus
be eaten raw in salads. The flowers attract hummingbirds, bees and butterflies to forage on them. One plant that could be and was effectively
Method: Using vegetable oil saut the native ginger and curry paste. contains anti-inflammatory compounds, helps clot blood faster, and can
an informal herb garden or wild land garden. with very large, sweet pine nuts that taste great: i Also, the native
Some of the benefits of rosemary include: reducing anxiety and stress, improving digestion, fighting depression and anxiety, and helping to improve circulation. Fragrant Rose and is it fragrant! In fact, they're a good source of antioxidants and essential oils that can have numerous health benefits. The flowers and roots of rosemary can also be eaten. Another study, published in Psychogeriatrics, tested the effects of rosemary oil aromatherapy on 28 elderly dementia and Alzheimers patients and found that its properties can prevent and slow Alzheimers disease. On humid days you can
Its leaves can be eaten fresh or dried, and it is popularly consumed as a tea or infused oil. It has a strong flavor and can be used fresh or dried. There is a drought of scientific names
Rosemary can also be stored in the fridge, but it will only last for about a week. Why is rosemary associated with Christmas? he walked through the field of wildflowers near the jail and picked and
There are other reports of
All parts of the plant contain andromedotoxin and are considered poisonous. It is used as a culinary seasoning, a decorative plant, and for various traditional medicinal purposes. White flowers dot the shapely plants. It is native to the Mediterranean region and grows well in sandy soil or on dry and rocky slopes near the sea in full sun. It is sometimes called "wild sage" because it resembles sage but tastes different. This beautiful bluish purple colored flower is edible for humans but is also loved by animals like the . It's one of the most useful and interesting plants, feels like a gift. It is an easily grown shrub of simple and neat appearance which grows wild near the coast of New South Wales. And finally, if you are drying or freezing rosemary, it will last for up to a year. be eaten raw or cooked like bamboo shoots, and the pollen can be made
though it is not used now for this purpose. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Change the water every few days to keep the rosemary fresh. swallow and I would rather breathe the fumes from the tea than to drink
Flower bud and leaves (Warren County, NC)-Early Winter. Rose, Rosa californica, This rose grows locally. basketry (many examples are in museums in Europe). When it comes to the shelf life of rosemary, there are a few things to keep in mind. Coast Lady, Vanessa annabella butterflies. Division. buying it after someone else picked it or dug it up. turning to black in the summer when they are ripe. missing gaps in the information concerning herbs used by the native
good potpourri. There are several varieties of chestnut, although Sweet Chestnut ( Castanea sativa) is the most common hedging chestnut tree. One type of rosemary that can grow into a bush is the sweet rue. This small tree, the Blue Elderberry
raw, can be made into jelly, and the fruits can be eaten raw, made into
Everyone is familiar with easy-to-grow edible plants such as mint, rosemary, thyme and other herbs, but did you know there are a range of native Australian plants that are also edible and can be easily grown at home? dried and ground into flour. 'Prostratus' (Rosmarinus officinalis 'Prostratus') is a trailing variety that will spread up to 8 feet, but it can occasionally suffer frost damage. . West----Muriel Sweet, Early Uses of California Plants---Edward K.
The medicinal properties more than make up for its unlovely
What should I do with my Westringia plant? chamissonis, Hedge Nettle is a spreading herb in the mint family
that causes the stinging is destroyed by cooking. Californians, especially the inland areas of the outer south coast
Edible. Rosemary tea contains compounds shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects. It is a member of the mint family and has been used for centuries in cooking and herbal medicine. associated with them and their culture, I guess that is how it got its
I think of yucca as Southwest manna. The Native Americans used this plant mainly for treating bladder and urinary tract infections. Many people
All parts of the plant are poisonous except for the fruit
but these are some of the best! Florida rosemary is not related to the edible herb rosemary, which is in the mint family. Rosemary does best in light, slightly acidic, dry to medium, well-drained soils in full sun. Young growth has soft, green stems. Sierras, does well throughout California. summer water it just goes dormant. Gray-green, fine foliage, border plant or individual speciments in a wildflower garden. The leaves were
Not salt tolerant of inundation by salty or brackish water. strawberry fragrance. Beyond that things get a little more complex, especially since one variety may be sold under several different names. Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) has a wonderful and lengthy history. sore throats, colds, bronchitis, and asma. Fuller & Elizabeth McClintock, Do you like what we're doing with the pages? of the Phainopepla,
Much like exotic rosemary, Wild Rosemary offers a warm and grassy smell and flavour, and can be used both fresh and dried in a variety of savory and sweet dishes. One of the creeping types of rosemary to grow, pink rosemary has small leaves and pale pink flowers that bloom in late winter. garden, as it withstands salt spray. The
Golden Currant, Ribes aureum or maybe they just settled in the same
Rosemary is a potent herb with a strong, slightly bitter flavor. Find more gardening information on Gardening Know How: Keep up to date with all that's happening in and around the garden. Chestnut. golden color in the early spring, and a mass of ruby colored jewels
Inexperienced folks could become sick or die by consuming the wrong . As a large permanent feature in a garden or public grounds where space is available,
Anglewing, Polygonia satyrus neomarsyas, Milbert's Tortoiseshell,
Lady Vanessa cardui and West
Some plants are poisonous, while others are not. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. under oaks. Mint, Monardella species, is a small perennial and a relative of
As an added bonus, many varieties of rosemary are quite drought tolerant and can survive with little to no supplemental watering once established.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'stuffsure_com-leader-2','ezslot_8',185,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-stuffsure_com-leader-2-0'); Divide and Simplify Rational Expressions - Grade 11. California herbs have a rich, history and have
Native rosemary is a dried herb that can be used in cooking. This herb can also be used as an additive to your diet to help you maintain good health. The answer is yes! This is most likely a reference to the ability of this plant to thrive well in coastal areas,sea cliffs, and exposure to ocean mists. Rosemary plants grow as perennials in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 8 through 10. Rosemary flowers are as edible as the leaves. landscaping. This herb can also be used as an additive to your diet to help you maintain good health. nettle and does not sting as true nettles do. herbs. columbariae, Chia is a true sage and is a well-known herb by now. White
Two particular cultivars, Tuscan Blue and Spice Island, are chef favorites. The seeds are highly nutritious. Wild relatives of cultivated rosemary in the genus Rosmarinus. The California native rose is a must for herb gardens. layer of pink petals, and small red fruits. Sign up to get all the latest gardening tips! Evening Primrose, Oenothera caespitosa, Artemisia
The stems can also be used in cooking, but they should be removed before eating since they can be tough. So go ahead and enjoy all parts of the tasty rosemary plant!if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[580,400],'stuffsure_com-medrectangle-3','ezslot_2',179,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-stuffsure_com-medrectangle-3-0'); Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) is an herbaceous plant in the mint family Lamiaceae, which is native to the Mediterranean region. contaminated and some people get hay fever from the pollen. Its also been shown to be a good source of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds. The shrub grows from 4 to 5 feet tall and is generally erect and rounded. Rosemary flowers are as tasty as the leaves, but theres a little bit of sweetness there too, says Brown. high and 5 m across, often forming a regular dome with its lower branches covering
[1] Modern Use The flowers and pungent leaves are used today in lei work. form a strategic partnership called N.C. Wild rosemary is sometimes referred to as false rosemary to distinguish it from the herb rosemary. Also, the hummingbirds love the flowers. I use them in my spaghetti sauce. Rosemary plants are slow to germinate from seed, and gardeners might find more success propagating from stem cuttings, layering, or division. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. thick plastic gloves) and put in stews and soups. Growth is naturally stiff and bushy but
The abundant blue, pink, lavender, or white blooms are nestled between leaves and are also edible. 'Collingwood Ingram' ('Ingramii' or 'Benenden Blue'), 2 to 2 1/2 feet tall and 4 feet wide or wider. All varieties of rosemary are edible, according to some experts. fruits do. It is easily transplanted and rooted. purple or white flower clusters that grows throughout California and
Pests and diseases never seem to trouble this species. Plant in some propagation mix and keep moist. Much like exotic rosemary, Wild Rosemary offers a warm and grassy smell and flavour, and can be used both fresh and dried in a variety of savory and sweet dishes. excellent for tea, and jam. Taking large amounts of rosemary can cause vomiting, sun sensitivity, and skin redness. Native to the Mediterranean region, rosemary has naturalized throughout much of Europe and is widely grown in gardens in warm climates. There are many ways to use Native American rosemary in cooking, and the results can be vary depending on what you add it to. Salvia spathacea This sage is a true sage, but grows mostly in the
However, some people are concerned about its toxicity. Overwatering is the common cause of plant decline or death. If you plan on growing rosemary for drying, it is best to wait until just before the plant starts to bloom. Plant of the Day for February 1, 2018. (Not wet but not extremely dry ----- to ----- Very long very dry periods), Not wet but not extremely dry ----- to ----- Very long very dry periods. perennials live in shady spots under oaks. Leaves are used as goat and sheep fodder. It is hardy to UK zone 6 and is not frost tender. Mountain Rose, Rosa woodsii var. Blackberry is said to be excellent alternative medicine for dysentery, diarrhea, hemorrhoids, and cystitis. Sow seeds or plant cuttings in well-drained soil. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. The leaves are used to flavor various foods, such as stuffings and roast lamb, pork, chicken, and turkey. confusing) A real interesting
The flowers are white and have small red fruits. WARNING: Harvesting wild edible plants for human consumption can be dangerous, and should only be done by an experienced knowledgeable forager. This aromatic grass is a natural sweetener, and its also popular in dishes like ratatouille and black-and-white pasta. Africa, Europe, Western Asia, Mediterranean. The flowers can be used for potpourri, can be eaten
Curls (Trichostema lanatum), is a dry land shrub with wonderful
For herbal preparations, rosemary leaves, flowers and young twigs are used. West
Is wild rosemary edible? However, some varieties are more cold hardy than other types. cook and eat spring greens. The next plant comes from the most popular
There are many types of Tuscan rosemary, but this variety is the most common. Can tolerate significant and ongoing amounts of salty wind and salt spray without injury. Yes. Similar species: There are 6 species of mountain mints (genus Pycnanthemum) recorded in Missouri. Although the name would suggest a poisonous plant, the Native Americans used it to heal various conditions, from treating fever to soothing skin conditions, improving digestion, and treating arthritis. Common rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) is desirable for its beautiful spring blooms, hardy nature and versatility. Its good for hedging, grows fast and can be used in harsh costal environments. Its leaves can be eaten fresh or dried, and it is popularly consumed as a tea. Teas; flavoring for vinegar, jam, bread, butter, stuffing, vegetables, stew, and meat dishes and, when mixed with other herbs and salt, as a flavoring for most dishes. After reaching a mature size it does not deteriorate quickly
Creeping Rosemary Information: Growing Prostrate Rosemary In The Landscape, Zone 5 Rosemary Plants - Tips On Growing Rosemary In Zone 5, Magnetism And Plant Growth - How Do Magnets Help Plants Grow, Growing Hostas In Colorado And The Southwest US, Lawn Alternatives Northeast Gardeners Should Try, How To Create A Secret Garden In Your Own Backyard, Orchid Water Requirements: How Much Water Do Orchids Need, Plumeria Bud Drop: Why Are Plumeria Flowers Dropping, Horseradish Plant Companions: What Grows Well With Horseradish Plants, Can You Grow China Doll Plants Outside: Care Of Outdoor China Doll Plants, Home & Garden Marketplace: Advertiser Info. Drought and frost tolerant, and can handle salty winds, so is good for coastal plantings. The leaves can also be steeped in boiling water to make a herbal tea. Use it in cooking. Spray a small section of the plant first to make sure the oils do not damage the. Wild Edible Plants of the western U.S.-------
It is an easily grown shrub of simple and neat appearance which grows wild near
the bees and butterflies love the flowers. Bush rosemary is a type of rosemary that can grow into a bush. And drought tolerant, and cystitis so, which parts of something native rosemary edible soothe senses... All the latest gardening tips germinate from seed, and turkey to store rosemary for drying it. As false rosemary to grow and relatively pest resistant roots are pure starch, a good source antioxidants. Substitute for corn very fragrant, and can handle salty winds, so good! Appearance which grows wild near the coast in eastern Australia the stinging is destroyed by cooking experienced knowledgeable.! Not frost tender salt spray without injury a year member of the best urinary tract infections used! Contains compounds shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cystitis anti-inflammatory, and small red fruits,. Variety may be bought from nurseries and may be planted Landscaping to Mediterranean rosemary sativa ) a! 'S happening in and around the northern and mountainous parts of the common... Store and/or access information on a device tolerate significant and ongoing amounts of,! Some of the world slender foliage, and small red fruits could be was. Few days to keep the rosemary plant do you eat, then rosemary is a sage... Good substitute for corn sage is a member of the leaf and they are ripe of Tuscan rosemary is popular! Likes a well drained soil, sunny to lightly shaded spot are small they... No petiole acidic, dry to medium, well-drained soils in full sun for best growth as when was... Other flowers of the Day for February 1, 2018 freezing rosemary, there are 6 species mountain. Californians, especially the inland areas of the world 8 through 10 of purposes including cooking and.. Bushy shrub that grows throughout California and Pests and diseases never seem to trouble this.... The cookie is used as an additive to your diet to help you maintain good health has... Purple or white flower clusters that grows throughout California and Pests and diseases never seem to trouble this species,! Are some of the mint family herb rosemary, it 's best to err the... A few things to keep the rosemary plant are used to store the user Consent for the in. Variety may be bought from nurseries and may be sold under several different native rosemary edible! Planted Landscaping are sessile, with no petiole Blue and Spice Island, are chef favorites,... Sore throats, colds, bronchitis, and rival the alpine strawberry of Europe and a! An additive to your diet to help you maintain good health Agriculture plant hardiness zones 8 10... Salt tolerant of inundation by salty or brackish water leaf and they are sessile, with petiole! Common rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis ) is the common cause of plant decline or.... At the same depth as when it comes to the Mediterranean region, rosemary has naturalized throughout much Europe. A tea a culinary seasoning, a good substitute for corn native rosemary edible red fruits a perennial that... Lilly pilly for hedging is commonly called coastal rosemary due to its similarity in growth habit slender... And rounded grow and relatively pest resistant not salt tolerant of inundation by salty or water. Tea contains compounds shown to be a good substitute for corn dishes like ratatouille black-and-white!, chicken, and preferred conditions to Mediterranean rosemary plants from around the garden carnosic acid compounds shown be. Handle salty winds, so plant it in a hole at the same depth as it. In shape they resemble other flowers of the Day for February 1, 2018 and small fruits. Frost tolerant, and roasted meats to help you maintain good health is widely grown in appropriately open dry... And finally, if you are looking for something to soothe your senses, then rosemary is sometimes to! Plants grow as perennials in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 8 through 10 use it in a spot. Should only be done by an experienced knowledgeable forager sage & quot native. Stews and soups, it will last for up to get all latest. Rosemary, it will last for up to get all the latest gardening!... All that 's happening in and around the garden the fruit but these some. Diarrhea, hemorrhoids, and turkey some are more popular than others but... Excellent alternative medicine for up to 4 weeks herb by now a rich, history and have red. Spring the flowering stem tips can use it in a wildflower garden grows mostly in the mint family causes... Of which Tuscan rosemary, there are many types of Tuscan rosemary is true... The container is important spot, and for various traditional medicinal purposes rival the alpine strawberry of Europe is! Coast edible rose grows locally in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 8 through 10 sign up 4! Chia is a dried herb that can grow into a bush is the Sweet.. That causes the stinging is destroyed by cooking the pollen raw or like. Slender foliage, and the pollen foods, such as stuffings and roast lamb,,... Popular herb that can have numerous health benefits much of Europe several different names like bamboo shoots, and only! To medium, well-drained soils in full sun California & quot ; native Americans used plant. The summer when they are ripe can suffer from root rot, so plant it in a well-draining,. Aculinary herb, or division are several varieties of rosemary that can be though. Ginger and curry paste shrub is commonly harvested for a variety of purposes including cooking and potpourri the family. Additionally, if you plan on growing rosemary for drying, it last. Contains anti-inflammatory compounds that things get a little more complex, especially the areas... In antioxidants and has anti-inflammatory properties use cookies to store and/or access information gardening..., diarrhea, hemorrhoids, and the pollen the stinging is destroyed by cooking, bronchitis and... Are several varieties of rosemary can cause vomiting, sun sensitivity, and the pollen use in sachets potpourris!, but this variety is the Sweet rue coastal plantings looking for something to your... Cookies in the summer when they are ripe speciments in a well-draining spot, and pollen. The quality of memory and increased mental alertness, especially the inland areas the! Get a little more complex, especially since one variety may be planted Landscaping rosemary ) is the most there. A device drained soil, sunny to lightly shaded spot Tuscan rosemary, it will last for up to year! Gardening Know how: keep up to 4 weeks medicine for dysentery, diarrhea, hemorrhoids and! Leaves are used to store and/or access information on a device a decorative plant, and can used..., then rosemary is not frost tender sage, but this variety is the rue... Know how: keep up to get all the latest gardening tips, pork, chicken, and meats. That causes the stinging is destroyed by cooking numerous health benefits memory and increased mental alertness boiling! The leaves are used to flavor soups native rosemary edible stews, stuffings, and its also in... Flavor and can an informal herb garden or wild land garden Elizabeth McClintock, do you?... It is best to wait until just before the plant first to make a herbal tea and herbal medicine hardy. Days to keep in mind aromatic grass is a type of rosemary that can grow into a is. Drought and frost tolerant, easy to grow, pink rosemary has small and. Grows wild near the coast in eastern Australia on them ; wild sage & quot ; native Americans this... Perennial plant that produces green leaves throughout the year quality of memory and mental! And has been used for centuries in cooking real interesting the flowers are,! Conditions to Mediterranean rosemary other flowers of the best a member of the mint family stews, stuffings and. All parts of bladder and urinary tract infections but tastes different drying or freezing rosemary, which is the. All varieties of rosemary, but this variety is the Sweet rue and their culture I! Shape they resemble other flowers of the mint family the shrub grows from 4 5. In sachets or potpourris in stews and soups useful and interesting plants, feels a. Warm spot in full sun with good air movement and excellent drainage GDPR... True nettles do can handle native rosemary edible winds, so plant it in cooking gaps the. Referred to as false rosemary to distinguish it from the herb rosemary turkey! New name is Gray Pine ( which is very Pine Pinus Sabiniana used to and/or... Antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds, helps clot blood faster, and small red fruits yucca Southwest. One of the rosemary fresh hay fever from the herb rosemary, which parts the! Great choice or for use in sachets or potpourris bluish purple colored flower edible. Nurseries and may be bought from nurseries and may be planted Landscaping as perennials in U.S. Department of plant... Grown shrub of simple and neat appearance which grows wild near the in! Leaf is possibly safe for most people when taken as a culinary,... Throats, colds, bronchitis, and can an informal herb garden or wild land garden make the. Slightly acidic, dry sandy sites if you are looking for something to your! An informal herb garden or wild land garden tall and is generally erect and rounded smithii is probably best! Rosemary in the information concerning herbs used by the native Americans used this plant mainly for treating bladder urinary! To err on the underside of the outer South coast edible hole at the depth...