Vietnam War, Awards and Decorations of Honor, 1965-1972. These Vietnam War photos taken by U.S. Army photographers reveal a side of the conflict that few people have ever seen. In 1965 alone they comprised 14.1% of total combat deaths, when they only comprised approximately 11% of the total U.S. population in the same year. The war persisted from 1955 to 1975 and most of the fighting took place in South Vietnam; accordingly it suffered the most casualties. Combat Area Casualties Dataset. [19] Rummel's mid-level estimate includes 17,000 South Vietnamese civil servants killed by PAVN/VC. It is still a concern in Southeast Asia today. [75], The PAVN/VC forces suffered around 600,000 wounded during the war,[76] and prior to the 1975 spring offensive, lost at least 26,880 soldiers taken prisoner - being released after the 1973 Peace Accords. The Viet Cong used the jungle terrain to their advantage both as a means of hiding, as well as a place to bury pressure-sensor explosives to wipe out unsuspecting bands of patrolling enemy forces. from Johns Hopkins and his MA and Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Casualties - US vs NVA/VC. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Chapter 17 index: "Communists provided further corroboration of the proximity of their casualty figures to American figures in a postwar disclosure of total losses from 1960 to 1975. [62], According to American writer Joseph Babcock, the Vietnamese government estimated 300,000 PAVN/VC missing-in-action (MIA) in 2019, but that the real number of MIA is widely believed to be closer to 500,000 people, whose bodies were either never found or buried anonymously and never identified. He took over the city of Hanoi and declared independence from France in 1954. Of the 4953 Navy and Air Force casualties, both officer and enlisted, 4, 736 or 96% were white. According to RJ Rummel, from 1964 to 1975, an estimated 1,500 people died during the forced relocations of 1,200,000 civilians, another 5,000 prisoners died from ill-treatment and about 30,000 suspected communists and fighters were executed. Since body counts were a direct measure of operational success, US "operations reports" often listed civilian deaths as enemy KIA or exaggerated the number. One of the first Black officers to lead a Special Forces team in combat will receive the Medal of Honor, the nation's top award for bravery on the battlefield, A South Korean court has ordered the government to pay $24,000 to a Vietnamese woman who survived a gunshot wound but lost several relatives when South Korean marines rampaged through her village during the Vietnam War in 1968, De-escalation, negotiation, and Vietnamization, The United States negotiates a withdrawal, 9 Questions About the Vietnam War Answered, https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War, Vietnam War - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Vietnam War - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Biden to award Medal of Honor to Vietnam-era Army officer, Court says South Korea responsible for Vietnam War massacre. Trade between the two nations ultimately resumed in the 1990s. Grand total of war deaths: Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos (1954-75) 1,450,000: 2,450,000: 3,595,000: Civilian deaths in the Vietnam War . Of the 2.6 million, between 1 and 1.6 million (40-60%) either fought in. Rummel estimates 212,000 killed by Khmer Rouge (19671975), 60,000 killed by U.S. and 1,000 killed by South Vietnam (196773). Others now continue the work Richard began 30 years ago. Estimates of casualties of the Vietnam War vary widely. The idea that this war was only to stop the spread of communism and push democracy on newly forming nations was very unpopular, and many civilians believed that the United States should not have gotten involved at all. An additional 232,000 military personnel were still missing as of 2017, a total of 1,081,000 dead and missing for the American War. Revolutionary War. Among other countries that fought for South Vietnam on a smaller scale, South Korea suffered more than 4,000 dead, Thailand about 350, Australia more than 500, and New Zealand some three dozen. The costs and casualties of the growing war proved too much for the United States to bear, and U.S. combat units were withdrawn by 1973. Copies of WWII though Vietnam era (men born April 28, 1877 to March 28, 1957) Selective Service Records may be obtained from the National Personnel Records Center, in St. Louis, for a fee. More than 58,000 American casualties of the Vietnam War are commemorated on the Vietnam Wall in Washington, DC. [62] Across all three wars including the First Indochina War and the Third Indochina War there was a total of 1,146,250 PAVN/VC confirmed military deaths, included 939,460 with bodies recovered and 207,000 with the bodies unfound. The Vietnamese newspaper Nhn Dn reported in 2012 that the U.S. government was providing $41 million to the project, which aimed to reduce the contamination level in 73,000 m of soil by late 2016. According to the Department of Veterans Affairs, we are losing an estimated 500 Vietnam veterans every day. In addition to patrolling, Navy PBRs participated with . The Coffelt Database is an intellectual property with copyrights held by the Coffelt Group and other contributing organizations. In reality, it is a collection of ideas, images, and information that enough people have chosen to preserve and disseminate. This resulted in a dramatic decrease in the proportion of black casualties, and by late 1967, black casualties had fallen to 13%, and were below 10% in 1970 to 1972. Many of the refugees failed to survive the passage, facing danger from pirates, over-crowded boats, and storms. Aid sent from other nations to the South Vietnamese effort waged about 5,000 total deaths. The U.S. technically did not lose the Vietnam War, as they withdrew in 1973 to allow South Vietnam to fight their own battles. Joseph L. Rhodes, 22, Marines, L. The former arrives in Vietnam in November 1965, and, soon after, is tasked with leading his 400 men in an effort to take out . Moyar, Mark. Though North Vietnam lost, it won a major psychological victory. Records with Unit Information on Military Personnel Who Died During the Vietnam War . "Making More Enemies than We Kill? Please direct all other inquiries to militaryfactory AT gmail.com. These estimates probably include deaths of Vietnamese soldiers in Laos and Cambodia, but do not include deaths of South Vietnamese and allied soldiers which would add nearly 300,000 for a grand total of 3.4 million military and civilian dead. 80 lessons Not all mines were detonated during the war and as a result they are still being either dug up or mistakenly stepped on today. Civil War Deaths | How Many People Died in the Civil War? In the United States, the Vietnam War became known as one of the most unpopular wars . Vietnam Syndrome Overview & Analysis | What is Vietnam Syndrome? Specialized units such as the SeaBees, Scout Dog and Combat Tracker units, Navy SEAL/UDT, etc., usually are indexed under the next higher command. To be listed on the Memorial one simply need to have been: 1) A native Hoosier; and, 2) Killed in Action or Missing in Action between 1 January . The U.S. military has estimated that between 200,000 and 250,000 South Vietnamese soldiers died. The South Vietnamese government, on the other hand, fought to preserve a Vietnam more closely aligned with the West. Deaths caused by the South Korean military, North Vietnamese and Viet Cong military casualties, Disproportion of African American casualties. She has an M.S.Ed. AIR FORCE * Once a unit assignment has been determined, a link to the individual's memorial page is included in the appropriate Unit Index. 69th Armor Page: Ray's Home Page: E-Mail Me: Note: NVA casualty data was provided by North Vietnam in a press release to Agence France Presse (AFP) on April 3, 1995, on the 20th anniversary of the end of the Vietnam War. non-hostile occurrence or who were missing in action or prisoners of war in the Southeast Asian combat area during the Vietnam War, including casualties that occurred in Cambodia, China, Laos, North Vietnam, South Vietnam, and Thailand. * The last U.S. infantry unit was pulled from the field on Aug. 11, 1972, so U.S. casualties dramatically declined. Including 28 civilians, originally there were 52 missing civilians. Encounter Books, December 2022. Other Deaths (In Theater) 2,835 Other Deaths in Service (Non-Theater) 17,672 Non-mortal Woundings 103,284 Living Veterans 1,165,000 Vietnam War (1964-1975) Total U.S. Servicemembers (Worldwide)6 8,744,000 Deployed to Southeast Asia 7 3,403,000 Battle Deaths 8 47,434 Other Deaths (In Theater)8 10,786 Other Deaths in Service (Non-Theater)8 32,000 USA.gov, The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. It granted him broad latitude in handling the struggle against communism in Southeast Asia. Posted By: Jagermeister, 2/27/2023 4:40:17 PM Military historian and Hillsdale College professor Mark Moyar has just published Triumph Regained: The Vietnam War, 1965-1968, which is the second in what will become a massive three-volume revision of the entire Vietnam War. [6], A 2008 study by the BMJ (formerly British Medical Journal) came up with a higher toll of 3,812,000 dead in Vietnam between 19552002. Shelby Stanton, writing in The Rise and Fall of an American Army, declined to include casualty statistics because of their 'general unreliability.' [45], Air force captain, Brian Wilson, who carried out bomb-damage assessments in free-fire zones throughout the delta, saw the results firsthand. Using the university's mainframe computers to read the reel-to-reel computer tapes, Tom integrated the two databases and converted the information into a commonly used small-computer format. [98], Unexploded ordnance continue to detonate and kill people today. Casualty Data For The Vietnam War. 7,484 women served in Vietnam, of whom 6,250 or 83.5% were nurses. In 1995 Vietnam released its official estimate of the number of people killed during the Vietnam War: as many as 2,000,000 civilians on both sides and some 1,100,000 North Vietnamese and Viet Cong fighters. The "Military Factory" name and MilitaryFactory.com logo are registered U.S. trademarks protected by all applicable domestic and international intellectual property laws. 28 August 2013. [95] Of the 27 million draft-age men between 1964 and 1973, 40% were drafted into military service, and only 10% were actually sent to Vietnam. [73][74], Historian Christian Appy states "search and destroy was the principal tactic; and the enemy body count was the primary measure of progress" in the US strategy of attrition. Significant numbers resettled in the United States, Canada, Italy, Australia, France, West Germany, and the United Kingdom.[105]. He recalled the attack and said, "We go in, and the helicopter started . According to the Vietnamese government, unexploded ordnance has killed some 42,000 people since the end of the war. Major Bruce Crandall made over 20 flights into intense enemy fire during a battle in the Ia Drang Valley, South Vietnam, in November 1965, evacuating 70 wounded and delivering ammunition. In the midst of an intense 3-week fight against the North Vietnamese Army in the province of Kontum, South Vietnam, elements of the U.S. Army 173d Airborne Brigade and the 503d Infantry Regiment assaulted a battalion of North Vietnamese soldiers entrenched on a hill outside the village . Seven massacres officially confirmed by the American side. In just 30 minutes, they had 30 casualties. Civilian deaths were also caused by mortar and artillery, extensive aerial bombing and the use of firepower in military operations conducted in heavily populated areas. Casualties fluctuated considerably from year to year, but a degree of accuracy can be inferred from the fact that 500,000 was 59 percent of the 849,018 total and that 59 percent of the war's days had passed by the time of Fallaci's conversation with Giap. Richard Coffelt's health began failing, and on 29 October 2010 he made his last contributions to the Coffelt Database. It's a sober fact we're meant to be reminded of on Memorial Day, particularly in light of the nearly 7,000 U.S. troops killed, and the many more wounded, over the last decade in our most recent and ongoing conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. The battle was later dramatized in the film We Were Soldiers. Cpl., Memphis, Tenn. The Viet Cong lost around 1.1 million combatants. Sometimes, the casualty rate is disproportionately high. the Vietnam War). The sum of those totals is 3,091,000 war deaths between 195575. 2.7 million American troops were sent to South Vietnam. As this was two years before the IBM PC (personal computer) came on the market, the work necessarily was done the old-fashioned way: by library research, travel, and in hand-writing. As before, emphasis was placed on obtaining hard documentation, a task made easier as material became available on the Internet from governmental and private organizations. Vietnam War Almanac: An In-Depth Guide to the Most Controversial Conflict in American History. The total number of officer casualties, commissioned and warrant, are 7,877. This was the turning point and the start of South Vietnam's defeat. On that panel, above the names is this inscription: In honor of the men and women of the armed forces of the United States who served in the Vietnam War. * From 1956-1964, 417Americans died in Vietnam. The following is a chart of all casualties, listed by race, and in descending order. [29] American bombing in Cambodia is estimated to have killed between 30,000 and 150,000 civilians and combatants. [57], The ARVN suffered 254,256 recorded combat deaths between 1960 and 1974, with the highest number of recorded deaths being in 1972, with 39,587 combat deaths. Many were never directly involved in the fighting, but rather were only caught in the crosshairs of South Vietnamese and North Vietnamese forces. [70], RJ Rummel estimates 1,011,000 PAVN/VC combatant deaths. 58,220. From refugee camps in Southeast Asia, the great majority of boat people were resettled in more developed countries. The additional resources allowed the project's scope to expand to include unit of assignment information for all service branches. [2], Guenter Lewy in 1978 estimated 1,353,000 total deaths in North and South Vietnam during the period 19651974 in which the U.S. was most engaged in the war. [36][37][41] All individuals killed in declared free-fire zones, combatants or not, were considered enemy killed in action by US forces . Discover the countries that took part in the Vietnam war and how many people died in the Vietnam war. For the period of the Vietnam War the totals are 1,310,000 between 1955 and 1964, 1,700,000 between 196574 and 810,000 between 1975 and 1984. The exact breakdown still remains unclear, although an estimated 273,000 Cambodians and 62,000 Lao lost their lives. American Greatness, by Victor Davis Hanson Original Article. | 9 The Vietnam War became a painful lesson for many - from Washington, D.C. to Smalltown America. The "Holloway Database" effectively became the public's sole source of information regarding all our Vietnam dead. [citation needed] Black people often made up a disproportionate 25% or more of combat units, while constituting only 12% of the military. Devon has tutored for almost two years. The "patrol boat: riverine," or Navy PBR, was the first watercraft built for the so-called brown water navy in Vietnam. The oldest man killed was 62 years old. Based on unit surveys, . According to the United Nations High Commission for Refugees, between 200,000 and 400,000 boat people died at sea. 49. The National Liberation Front & People's Army of Vietnam | History, Purpose & Strategy, 1973 Paris Peace Accords Overview | Talks, Terms & Agreement, Vietnamization Policy & Significance | Nixon's Plan to Withdraw American Forces, Operation Ranch Hand: Definition, Strategy & Impact, Significant Events in the First Indochina War, Causes of American Defeat in the Vietnam War, Communism Spreads During the Vietnam War: Cambodia and Laos. Democide is the murder of persons by or at the behest of governments. Vietnamese soldiers and an unknown number of civilian casualties in South and North Vietnam (Browne 1994: 1). KIA - Killed in Action WIA - Wounded in Action. In 1995 Vietnam released its official estimate of the number of people killed during the Vietnam War: as many as 2,000,000 civilians on both sides and some 1,100,000 North Vietnamese and Viet Cong fighters. [101], Agent Orange and similar chemical defoliants have also caused a considerable number of deaths and injuries over the years, including among the US Air Force crew that handled them. Unit: Nickname: KIA: Comment: 1st Cavalry Division: First . Civilian deaths are still ongoing because of the use of unexploded ordnances left behind from the war. In that respect, it failed: the two Vietnams were united under a communist banner in July 1976. Of the 7877 officer casualties, 7595 or 96.4% were white, 147 or 1.8% were black; 24 or . However, from a constitutional perspective, this conflict did not technically count as a war. 7. The Vietnam War was costly to the U.S. Marine Corps. [95][98] As a result, by the war's completion, total black casualties averaged 12.5% of US combat deaths, approximately equal to percentage of draft-eligible black men, though still slightly higher than the 10% who served in the military. Since 1941 Congress has declared war only six times, all during World War II. (The estimates for 195564 are much higher than other estimates). Many of these deaths were suspected to be murders, often targeting able-bodied young men who could pose a threat to the other side should they have chosen to join the military. Omissions? Around 2 million civilians were killed in the territories of North and South Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. The United States has spent over $65 million since 1998 as part of unexploded ordnance clearing operations. According to the Information Bureau of the Provisional Revolutionary Government of South Vietnam (PRG), a shadow government formed by North Vietnam in 1969, between April 1968 and the end of 1970 American ground troops killed about 6,500 civilians in the course of twenty-one operations either on their own or alongside their allies. The Vietnam War became a painful lesson for many - from Washington, D.C. to Smalltown America. Killed in Action (KIA); Died while Missing. In the summer of 2017, I was a U.S. Army lieutenant in the 101st Airborne Division at Fort Campbell, Kentucky. [79], The total number of American personnel who were KIA or died non-hostile deaths, were enlisted personnel with a casualty number of 50,441. Five men killed in Vietnam were only 16 years old. Not until 1995 did Vietnam release its official estimate of war dead: as many as 2 million civilians on both sides and some 1.1 million North Vietnamese and Viet Cong fighters. The riot at the Long Binh Jail is the most publicized of thousands of racial incidents reported in South Vietnam between 1968 and 1971. Estimates of the total number of deaths in the Vietnam War vary widely. According to statistics from the South Vietnamese Ministry of Health, 44.5% of civilians admitted to hospitals between 1967 and 1970 were wounded by mines or mortars, 21.2% by guns or grenades, and 34.3% by artillery or bombing. The war also spilled over into the neighboring countries of Cambodia and Laos which also endured casualties from aerial and ground fighting. North Vietnamese troops launched the Tet Offensive in January 1968, which was successful against South Vietnam and the U.S. Back in the US, support for the war waned and calls to withdraw from Vietnam grew louder. [40][37] Sometimes civilian casualties from airstrikes or artillery barrages against villages were reported as "enemies killed". Accurate assessments of PAVN/VC losses, he wrote, were 'largely impossible due to lack of disclosure by the Vietnamese government, terrain, destruction of remains by firepower, and [inability] to confirm artillery and aerial kills.' Who had the highest casualty rates in the Vietnam War? Support to North Vietnam was sent by Communist allies including China, North Korea, and the Soviet Union. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you The Australians committed more forces to the war in Vietnam than any other foreign contributor (except for the United States, that is). Researchers regard the former Oakland, California Army base as the largest Vietnam War military port in the world. When he later read the official tally of dead, he found that it listed them as 130 VC killed. [11][23]:106 R.J. Rummel estimated that ARVN suffered between 219,000 and 313,000 deaths during the war, including in 1975 and prior to 1960. flashcard sets. Neighbouring Laos and Cambodia similarly fell to communists. Estimates for PAVN deaths in the Easter Offensive alone vary from 40,000 to 100,000 in western sources. Called the American War in Vietnam (or, in full, the War Against the Americans to Save the Nation), the war was also part of a larger regional conflict (see Indochina wars) and a manifestation of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies. (1) GROUND FORCE PERSONNEL, including Army aviation, generally are indexed at the Regimental level but there are exceptions. Initially, the toll was just over 57,000, but new casualties came to light. In 1982 the Vietnam Veterans Memorial was dedicated in Washington, D.C., inscribed with the names of 57,939 members of U.S. armed forces who had died or were missing as a result of the war. [7], R. J. Rummel's mid-range estimate in 1997 was that the total deaths due to the Vietnam War totaled 2,450,000 from 195475. My Lai (4) and My Khe (4) (collectively the My Lai Massacre) claimed the largest number of victims with 420 and 90 respectively, and in five other places a total of about 100 civilians were executed. [26], RJ Rummel estimated that American forces killed around 5,500 people in democide between 1960 and 1972, from a range of between 4,000 and 10,000. One study estimated that American commanders exaggerated body counts by 100 percent. U.S. Marines in Vietnam, 1967, Fighting the North Vietnamese, 1984 . California (5,572 Estimated Casualties). This prompted the official start of the Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War. From 40,000 to 100,000 in western sources 1,000 killed by U.S. Army in! 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