[33], In September 1865, Hickok came in second in the election for city marshal of Springfield. Wild Bill Hickok, byname of James Butler Hickok, (born May 27, 1837, Homer [now Troy Grove], Illinois, U.S.died August 2, 1876, Deadwood, Dakota Territory [now in South Dakota, U.S.]), American frontiersman, army scout, and lawman who helped bring order to the frontier West. Duck Bill and Shanghai Bill Wild Bill had learned of the scheme and cornered Coe, had his two pistols drawn on Coe. Wild Bill Hickok was an American folk hero. The Adventures of Wild Bill Hickok was a 1950s TV series starring Guy Madison and Andy Devine. Hickok moved west in 1855 to farm and joined General James Lane's Free State. [12] The article was controversial wherever Hickok was known, and several frontier newspapers wrote rebuttals. A young drifter named Jack McCall walked in and approached Hickok from behind. In fact, William Hickok (senior) was so opposed to slavery that it's been reported that the Hickok house was a station for the Underground Railroad, where black slaves stopped for refuge on their journey north to freedom. That winter, writer M.L. and that Deft. Not having the courage to do it himself, he one day filled about 200 cowboys with whiskey intending to get them into trouble with Wild Bill, hoping that they would get to shooting and in the melee shoot the marshal. In 1899, Dorsett took Jessie to live with his mother in Lewiston. Foxs visit coincided with the few weeks Jessie actually attended St. Edwards Academy in Deadwood. Although McCall accepted the money, he was apparently insulted. McCall lost heavily. Why were some shotguns called Greeners by cowboys in the Old West. Hickok moved west in 1855 to farm and joined General James Lane's Free State (antislavery) forces in Kansas. Col. George Armstrong Custer. "[55], On March 5, 1876, Hickok married Agnes Thatcher Lake, a 50-year-old circus proprietor in Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory. . A legend during his life and considered one of the American west's premier gunfighters James Butler (Wild Bill) Hickok was born May 27, 1837, in Troy . Hickok left home at age 17 and worked as a canal boat pilot in Utica, Illinois, before heading west in 1856 to Bleeding Kansas, which was embroiled in a violent conflict over whether slavery should be permitted there. Hickok was a favourite of Custer and his wife, Libbie, who described him as a delight to look upon. Hickoks physical appearance was by many accounts arresting. In 1859, he joined the Russell, Majors and Waddell freight company, the parent company of the Pony Express. Hickok was born and raised on a farm in northern Illinois at a time when lawlessness and vigilante activity were rampant because of the influence of the "Banditti of the Prairie". His father was said to have used the family house, now demolished, as a station on the Underground Railroad. [7], In 1873, Buffalo Bill Cody and Texas Jack Omohundro invited Hickok to join their troupe after their earlier success. [77][78] A print of the film is maintained in the Museum of Modern Art film archive.[79]. Were Wild Bill Hickok and Calamity Jane married, and did they have a daughter? Russell, Majors and Waddell had not kept up with their payments for the station, and the gun-brandishing McCanles had come to demand his money from Wellman, who insisted that he did not have it and refused to relinquish the property to McCanles, as did his wife. And though it is difficult to picture her in the domestic arena, Jane was also a mother. [24], In late 1863, Hickok worked for the provost marshal of southwest Missouri as a member of the Springfield detective police. On July 21, 1865, the two men faced off in Springfield's town square, standing sideways before drawing and firing their weapons. "George Ward Nichols and the Legend of Wild Bill Hickok. A month or so later, he left their honeymoon in Cincinnati for the goldfields of the Black Hills in the Dakota Territory, where he hoped to make enough money to send for her. Marshal. Hickok left his new bride a few months later, joining Charlie Utter's wagon train to seek his fortune in the gold fields of South Dakota. Wikimedia Commons Advertisement 11. McCall was tried and acquitted of murder as a result of his dubious claim that the killing was in revenge for Hickoks murder of his brother in Abilene. [10][pageneeded][11] In an 1867 article about his shootout with Davis Tutt, his surname was misspelled as Hitchcock. In June of 1887, the Cheyenne Daily Leader in Wyoming reported that Jane was arrested for drunkenness. Coe claimed that he was shooting at a stray dog,[g] and then suddenly turned his gun on Hickok, who fired first and killed Coe. Around this time, young James Hickok began using his father's name of William - the 'Wild' part came later - and he also met Buffalo Bill Cody, then just a messenger boy on a wagon train. Circa 1890. [73], Hickok's favorite guns were a pair of Colt 1851 Navy Model (.36 caliber) cap-and-ball revolvers. Wikimedia Commons Calamity Jane poses in front of Wild Bill Hickok's grave. Fox met Jessie when she interviewed Jane for an article in Illustrated American magazine. [64], Hickok was playing five-card stud or five-card draw when he was shot. He noted that the sound was similar to tapping a brick wall and believed the remains weighed more than 400lb (180kg). The "special election" may not have been legal, as a letter dated September 17 to the governor of Kansas noted that Hickok had presented a warrant for an arrest which was rejected by the Fort Hays commander, because, when asked to produce his commission, Hickok admitted that he had never received one. Did Wild Bill Hickok have a child? He was sentenced to death on January 3, 1877 and on March 1, 1877 he was executed by hanging. The identity of the fifth card (his "hole card") is also the subject of debate. Hickok waved his hand past Mulvey at some onlookers and yelled, "Don't shoot him in the back; he is drunk." The bullet emerged through his right cheek and struck another player, riverboat Captain William Massie, in the left wrist. But by January 1903 she was back with her mother once more, a fact verified by the Belle Fourche Bee in South Dakota. Now, she said, both Calamity Jane and another famed woman of the west, Belle Starr, were her aunts. According to the Harpers account, Hickok, while guiding a detachment of Union cavalry through southern Nebraska, decided to stop and visit an old friend, Wellmans wife, at Rock Creek Station. Hickok, just a stable-hand at the time, killed the three men, despite being severely injured. There the familys small farm served as a stop on the Underground Railroad. She has been labeled a scout, freighter, and gambler, a drunken dance hall queen and prostitute. Brink, were tried for killing McCanles, but were found to have acted in self-defense. Thus began the reputation that Writing in 1911, he detailed his admiration for Hickok and included a paragraph on the shooting that differs considerably from the reported account: "Phil" Coe was from Texas, ran the "Bull's Head" a saloon and gambling den, sold whiskey and men's souls. [1][2], James Butler Hickok was born May 27, 1837, in Homer, Illinois, (present-day Troy Grove, Illinois) to William Alonzo Hickok, a farmer and abolitionist, and his wife, Polly Butler. This, too, was badly defaced, and was then enclosed in a cage for protection. In 1876 in Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory, Hickok married Agnes Lake Thatcher, a former circus performer. Witnesses confirm that the story was true to the extent the party had set out to find whoever had killed the four men,[e] but the group returned to the fort "without nary a dead Indian, [never] even seeing a live one". Deadwood was overrun with miners, gunmen, and gamblers when Hickok became a peace officer there in July 1876, relying as much on his reputation as on his diminishing gun skills, which were compromised by failing eyesight. Hickoks father moved his family from Vermont to Maine to Homer (now Troy Grove), Illinois. Most newspapers referred to him as William Haycock until 1869. [20], On July 12, 1861, David McCanles went to the Rock Creek Station office to demand an overdue property payment from Horace Wellman, the station manager. [59], The next day, Hickok was playing poker again. [9][41], The second killed by Hickok was Samuel Strawhun, a cowboy, who was causing a disturbance in a saloon at 1:00 am on September 27, when Hickok and Lanihan went to the scene. [21] Hickok subsequently visited McCanles' widow, apologized for the killing, and offered her $35 in restitution, all the money he had with him at the time. Both parents were reputed to be unsavory, involved in petty crimes and often financially destitute. The trial did not last more than fifteen minutes.[23]. [28] Strawhun "made remarks against Hickok", and Hickok killed him with a shot through the head. I would have rather been somewhere else, but Bill stopped. A later film (1953) and subsequent stage musical, both titled Calamity Jane, also portray a romance between Calamity Jane and Hickok. [9], Hickok used his late father's name, William Hickok, from 1858, and the name William Haycock during the American Civil War. Hickok joined the antislavery Free State Army of Jayhawkers and, having already become skilled with a gun as a youth, served as a bodyguard for Gen. James H. Lanes. Wild Bill Hickok was one of the early "Heroes of the West." He had built a reputation as an extraordinary gunfighter with a sense of fairness and justice. Jesse James suffered from it. ", Judge Boyd said, "That when danger is threatened and impending a man is not compelled to stand with his arms folded until it is too late to offer successful resistance, and if the jury believe from the evidence that Tutt was a fighting character and a dangerous man and that [Defendant] was aware such was his character and that Tutt at the time he was shot by the Deft. Hickok was severely injured, with a crushed chest, shoulder, and arm. Some said the two men fought over a card game, while others attributed the duel to competition for the attention of a woman named Susannah Moore. He was later elected constable of Monticello Township in Johnson County, Kansas. Corrections? Were Wild Bill Hickok and Calamity Jane married, and did they have a daughter? While Hickok claimed to have killed numerous named and unnamed gunmen in his lifetime, his career as a gunfighter only lasted from 1861 to 1871. He replaced Tom "Bear River" Smith, who had been killed while serving an arrest warrant on November 2, 1870. Tutt reached for his pistol but Hickok was the first to draw his weapon, and shot Tutt instantly, from approximately 75 yards. In the Frederic Remington illustration of The Sentinel, is the mission San Xavier del Bac? Entdecke Bill O'Reilly's Legends and Lies: The Real West - Hardcover - GOOD in groer Auswahl Vergleichen Angebote und Preise Online kaufen bei eBay Kostenlose Lieferung fr viele Artikel! While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. "The Girl and the Gunfighter: A Newly Discovered Photograph of Wild Bill Hickok. The event haunted Hickok for the rest of his life. James Butler Hickok (May 27, 1837 - August 2, 1876), also known as "Wild Bill" Hickok was a legendary figure in the old west. Hickok and Lanihan, however, remained sheriff and deputy, respectively. In the melee that followed, Hickok shot Woods, who, most historians agree, was then attacked and ultimately killed with a hoe by Mrs. Wellman. Hickok may have picked up the nickname Wild Bill for his daring fighting in the Union army during the Civil War, which included service as a spy, a scout, and a sharpshooter. [citation needed], Henry M. Stanley, of the Weekly Missouri Democrat, reported Hickok to be "an inveterate hater of Indian People", perhaps to enhance his reputation as a scout and American fighter, but separating fact from fiction is difficult considering his recruitment of Indians to cross the nation to appear in his own Wild West show. As a result, calcium carbonate from the surrounding soil had replaced the flesh, leading to petrifaction. Hardin alleged that when his cousin, Mannen Clements, was jailed for the killing of two cowhands (Joe and Dolph Shadden) in July 1871, Hickokat Hardin's requestarranged for his escape. Calamity Jane was reported to have been buried next to Hickok according to her dying wish. Hickok was of English ancestry. Hickok was bedridden for months before he went to southern Nebraska in the summer of 1861 to work at the Pony Express station at Rock Creek. Since he was actually shot in the back of the head, that plot element is a complete artifice of the episode writers. [66] McCall was acquitted of the murder, which prompted editorializing in the Black Hills Pioneer: "Should it ever be our misfortune to kill a man we would simply ask that our trial may take place in some of the mining camps of these hills." Two 7th Cavalry troopers jump, Most people have heard of Calamity Jane, once promoted as The Famous Woman Scout of. [3] [4] James was the fourth of six children. After his release, McCall had lingered in Deadwood for a short while before heading to Wyoming. B. Hickock [sic] (Wild Bill) formerly of Cheyenne, Wyoming. [9], At the time of his death, Hickok was wearing a Smith & Wesson Model No. He was arrested while using the name Haycock in 1865. He earned a great deal of notoriety in his own time, much of it bolstered by the many outlandish and often fabricated tales he told about himself. In court she presented the judge with a doctors certificate indicating she was in a rather delicate condition, an early euphemism for pregnant. Like his friend Buffalo Bill Cody, Hickok was the son of an abolitionist. [46]:pp.5456[47], In August 1871, Hickok sought to arrest Hardin for killing Charles Couger in an Abilene hotel "for snoring too loud". In 1857, Hickok claimed a 160-acre (65ha) tract in Johnson County, Kansas, near present-day Lenexa. The story quickly became newspaper and magazine fodder. When they returned from overseas, Agnes and Bill Lake decided to start their own circus. He was found not guilty by a miners court after telling judges that Hickok killed his brother, though later accounts showed McCall had no brothers. [25][26]:136 Hickok had not been paid for some time, and was hired as a scout by General John B. Sanborn by early 1865. Hickok's brother, Lorenzo Butler, traveled from Illinois to attend the retrial. After a brief visit from Hickok, who then rode off into the sunset, a sea captain named James ONeil happened to find her. The movie The Plainsman (1936), starring Gary Cooper as Hickok, features the alleged romance between Calamity Jane and him as its main plot line. before shooting Hickok in the back of the head at point-blank range. The family did some moving around during this time period and the next child, James Butler Hickok, was born in May of 1837. Their quick-draw duel was recorded as the first of its kind. The new trial was held in Yankton, the capital of the Dakota Territory. Prairie Schooners is a 1940 American Western film directed by Sam Nelson, which stars Wild Bill Elliott as Hickok. She appears to have finally learned the truth by the time she died in 1980, for her death certificate correctly lists her mothers maiden name as Canary. On the afternoon of August 2, 1876, he was playing cards with his back to the door, something he seldom did. McCormick claimed that ONeil offered to adopt her, taking she and her mother to meet his wife in Omaha. We may earn commission from links on this page, but we only recommend products we back. Nick McGlashan loved his family, friends and fans. [34]:34 The show featured six buffalo, a bear, and a monkey, and one show ended in disaster when a buffalo refused to act, prompting Hickok to fire a bullet into the sky. She was the eldest of as many as six children born to Robert and Charlotte (Burch) Cannary. He worked as a technical writer on the Atlas, Minuteman, and Titan missile-launching systems, as well as Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Despite his reputation,[70] Hickok was buried in the Ingelside Cemetery, Deadwood's original graveyard. Outlaw John Wesley Hardin arrived in Abilene at the end of a cattle drive in early 1871. He is chiefly portrayed as a protagonist, although historical accounts of his actions are often controversial, and much of his career is known to have been exaggerated both by himself and by contemporary mythmakers. ), 18721886. Wild Bill Hickok was an American frontiersman, army scout and lawman who helped bring order to the frontier West. In June, Hickok mustered out and went to Springfield, where he gambled. The watch had great sentimental value to Hickok, so he asked Tutt not to wear it in public. The couple had five children besides James Butler , three boys and two girls. [23][b], After the Civil War broke out in April 1861, Hickok became a teamster for the Union Army in Sedalia, Missouri. [60] McCall then entered the saloon, walked up behind Hickok, drew his Colt Model 1873 Single Action Army .45-caliber revolver, and shouted, "Damn you! The incident helped contribute to the overall failure of the show. Jane was well-known for her abilities as a sharpshooter . Calamity Jane is reputed to have led a mob that threatened McCall with lynching, but at the time of Hickok's death, Jane was actually being held by military authorities. Zimmerman said that despite their closeness in age, he and Jessie didnt say much to each other. In December, the Rawlins Republican reported that Jane visited town with a little girl she had stolen. The child was no doubt Jessie, who was next seen with her mother in Ekalaka, Montana in 1894 by at least two people. This incident added to his fame as a gunslinger, which skyrocketed when journalist and later explorer Sir Henry Morton Stanley reported as fact in the New York Herald in 1867 Hickoks exaggerated claim that he had killed 100 men. Upon Hickoks arrival, she told him that a Confederate gang led by McCanles was pursuing him, and almost immediately they were set upon by the Confederates. Hickok is known to have fatally shot six men and is suspected of having killed a seventh (McCanles). The wagon train arrived in Deadwood in July 1876. One story claimed he killed a bear with his bare hands and a bowie knife. The story continued that McCanles invaded the Wellmans cabin and prepared to shoot Hickok, who acted faster and shot McCanles in the chest. Several sources, including Jessie, verify the child was born on October 28. It is a loose adaptation of Hickok's life, ending with his famous aces-and-eights card hand. His work included identifying and counting the number of troops in uniform who were drinking while on duty, verifying hotel liquor licenses, and tracking down individuals who owed money to the cash-strapped Union Army. Wild Bill Hickok was born on May 27, 1837 in Troy Grove, Illinois. Area newspapers reported that Jane named the boy Little Calamity. A freighter named Evans recalled watching Jane smother the baby with kisses, calling him Muzzies yittle snoozey [sic] darling. Jane later told others that Little Calamity died. In the melee, Hickok caught a glimpse of someone moving towards him and responded with two shots killing his deputy Mike Williams. (If said child had actually existed, he or she was said to . Behind the mission, arent those the Santa Catalina Mountains? Red objects generally appear black in early photographs, as the photographic processes were insensitive to red light. [citation needed] Although he was just 39, his marksmanship and health were apparently in decline, and he had been arrested several times for vagrancy,[53] despite earning a good income from gambling and displays of showmanship only a few years earlier. After in inquest where other incidents of Hickoks brand of frontier justice was revealed, he was relieved of his duties. i have been told that Wild Bill Hickok is my great great great (i don't know how many greats) uncle, and i haven' been able to find out if any of his brotherrs had kids. His exploits as a gunfighter, scout, and lawman were legendary and he became the topic of many fictionalized accounts. [36][37], In December 1867, newspapers reported that Hickok had come to stay in Hays City, Kansas. [43], On April 15, 1871, Hickok became marshal of Abilene, Kansas. When he saw Hickok, he leveled his cocked rifle at him. [82], At the time of this affair I was at a station farther west and reached this station just as Wild Bill was getting ready to go to Beatrice for his trial. After the fact, there was much speculation as to whether romantic rivalry had had a role in the incident: Hickok was apparently involved with a woman who had also been involved with the married McCanles. Trachoma is often associated with poverty and poor hygiene that allows the bacteria to infect and re-infect eyes; if left untreated, it can cause blindness. At Castle City, Montana in 1893, when Jane was running a restaurant, she had with her the daughter of one of her soldier friends in Texas who probably was Jessie. In 1876, Wild Bill Hickok was suffering from glaucoma. ", Rosa, Joseph G. (1984). Six months later Jane visited friends in Deadwood, stating Jessie had married and was living in North Dakota with two children. [d] The jury voted to clear Hickok, resulting in public backlash and criticism of the verdict. He is also remembered for the cards he was holding when he was shot dead a pair of black aces and a pair of black eights since known as the dead man's hand. [9], Shortly before his death, Hickock wrote a letter to his new wife, which read in part, "Agnes Darling, if such should be we never meet again, while firing my last shot, I will gently breathe the name of my wifeAgnesand with wishes even for my enemies I will make the plunge and try to swim to the other shore. Several times he was arrested for vagrancy. In the HBO show Deadwood (2004-2006), Wild Bill is played by Keith Carradine. He traveled west to Deadwood, South Dakota, in a wagon train that included Martha Jane Cannary (Calamity Jane), who later claimed she had secretly married him. 2, serial number 29963, a .32 rimfire with a six-inch barrel, blued finish, and varnished rosewood grips. He then joined General James Henry Lane's Kansas Brigade, and while serving with the brigade, saw his friend Buffalo Bill Cody, who was serving as a scout. He later became a lawman before settling down in Deadwood, South Dakota where he would soon meet his death. Citizens of the town complained to Hickok, who requested that Thompson and Coe remove the image. As a very young boy, Bill was born to father William Alonzo Hickok and mother Polly Butler. To be entitled to acquittal on the ground of self-defense, he must have been anxious to avoid a conflict, and must have used all reasonable means to avoid it. [38], In July 1869, Hickok returned to Hays and was elected city marshal of Hays and sheriff of Ellis County, Kansas, in a special election held on August 23, 1869. [46]:4558[48] A newspaper reported, "A man was killed in his bed at a hotel in Abilene, Monday night, by a desperado called 'Arkansas'. In her book Calamity Janes Daughter: The Story of Maude Weir, Weirs own daughter, Ruth Shadley, said her family secretly knew that Maudes real mother was Calamity Jane. The murderer escaped. If James Butler "Wild Bill" Hickok had an eye disease, present-day experts believe that, like many others of his time, he may have suffered from trachoma. Later historians, however, have presented a radically different portrayal of the events at Rock Creek. In the episode Dillon and Hickok are old friends. Jack McCall. The Bull's Head Saloon in Abilene had been established by gambler Ben Thompson and Coe, his partner, businessman, and fellow gambler. As the scene unfolded, McCanles entered the station, and, from behind the curtain that divided it in two, either Hickok or Wellman shot McCanles. . By the end of the night most of the money had been spent, and Jane was roaring drunk. In real life, Calamity Jane (Martha Jane Canary) never met 'Doc' Holliday: she actually was in love and pursued 'Wild Bill' Hickock. The bear then grabbed his arm in its mouth, but Hickok was able to grab his knife and slash its throat, killing it. At the [second] trial it was suggested that [McCall] was hired to do his work by gamblers who feared the time when better citizens should appoint Bill the champion of law and order a post which he formerly sustained in Kansas border life, with credit to his manhood and his courage. There are many versions of the shootout that occurred at Rock Creek on July 12, 1861, shortly after the start of the Civil War, and all, in one way or another, contributed to Hickoks legend. All rights reserved. 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Model (.36 caliber ) cap-and-ball revolvers Santa Catalina Mountains he became the topic of many fictionalized...., Kansas, near present-day Lenexa in Omaha warrant on November 2, 1876, he joined Russell! Outlaw John Wesley Hardin arrived in Deadwood Bill Lake decided to start their own circus, Buffalo Bill Cody Hickok. The familys small farm served as a delight to look upon delicate condition, early! Of Monticello Township in Johnson County, Kansas continued that McCanles invaded the Wellmans cabin prepared... Remained sheriff and deputy, respectively generally appear black in early 1871, scout, Jane... Besides James Butler, traveled from Illinois to attend the retrial been spent, and Jane roaring... Both Calamity Jane married, and Jane was also a mother was living in North Dakota two! Rock Creek adaptation of Hickok 's favorite guns were a pair of Colt Navy. Edwards Academy in Deadwood for a short while before heading to Wyoming be.
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